Memory Video

• After watching the video in class, i understand the importance and the relationship that memory has on our life and how it affects our way of living. Memory, defines who you are and the way you act, it creates an identity. Eventhough memory can not be directyly seen, you understand that it is constantly changing and growing. Everyday, every second of your life, you are experiencxing new things that are stored into your memory, and can later be recalled. You are constantly learning and interacting with the environmnent, which makes your memory increase. usually, it is said that you begin to remember and recall events and things from your memory at about 2 years old, when you start to maybe reason a little.
• On the first part of the video, they are conducting a self recognition test with a mirror in several small children. They are placed in front of a mirror to see what is their reaction. Then they are placed again infront of the mirror and get some paint in their nose to see how they react and if they are able to recognize that it is them, who has paint in the nose. Many of the children don't even recognize themselves, while others touch the mirror thinking that it is something on the mirror. Just two of the tested kids are abvle to recognize themselves and touch their noses. It is important to know who you are since you are a toddler because it is part of your identity. Then, they conducted an experiment to see how good is their mental image and memory. They make them store a small lion into a cabinet. Two weeks later, they were asked to find the lion and no one was able to find it and remember were it was, except for Toby and jenny who were able to find it. This demonstrates how the brain has not developed yet when you are a little kid.
• On the second part of the video, they show a man who was born with amnesia, and is unable to recall and understand his past. He constantly watches pictures with his parents to understand who he is, but he can not remember it after some hours. he has to write things in order to remember them because his brain did not fully develope and has problems with his memory. They conducted an experiment on him to see if he could remember and draw a picture after an hour of not watching it, and he was unable to draw an accurate drawing. His hypocampus is not recognizing things and that is affecting his way of living. From this man, I can see how our memory is vital in our every day things, and how it affects his way of living and communicating with others.

Problems with Punishment

• A punished behavior is never eliminated, only suppresed


• Increase in the punished behavior get more attention when punished


• the student might not recognize the punishment being linked to a behavior


• It can elicit aggressive or other emotional side effects.


• It may result in the person being punished using escape or avoidance behaviours.


• It can be negatively reinforcing for the person using punishment resulting in overuse or misuse.


• Those observing punishment taking place are more likely to use punishment in the future.


• In particular consider children, their observational skills play a major role in their development of appropriate and inappropriate behaviour, therefore if they observe agressive behaviour they are more likely to engage in this behaviour themselves eg spanking.


• Punishment also raises serious ethical issues.

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_some_disadvantages_of_punishment

Classical vs Operant Conditioning

The difference between operant conditioning and classical conditioning is the use of punishments and reinforcments. In operant conditioning, Skinner is trying to produce certain behavior through the help of punishments and reinforcments, this way you can condition a person or animal to behave in the desired way. In the other hand, classical conditioning does not use punishment or reinforcments. Pavlov was just showing how you can condition someone who associates a sound or smell or other things to a stimulus in able to have a desired response. In both methods you are trying to achieve certain behavior but in different ways.

http://www.dogmanners.com/conditioning.html

Operant Conditioning

Operant Conditioning is the term used by B.F. Skinner to describe the effects of the consequences of a particular behavior on the future occurrence of that behavior. Changes in behavior are the result of an individual's response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment. When a particular Stimulus-Response (S-R) pattern is reinforced (rewarded), the individual is conditioned to respond. There are four types of operant conditioning: Positive and Negative Punishment, and Positive and Negative Reinforcment.



Positive Reinforcement: a particular behavior is strengthened by the consequence of experiencing a positive condition.

Negative Reinforcement: a particular behavior is strengthened by the consequence of stopping or avoiding a negative condition.

Negative Punishment: Something Good can end or be taken away, so behavior decreases

Positive Punishment: Something Bad can start or be presented, so behavior decreases



http://www.mcli.dist.maricopa.edu/proj/nru/opcond.html


http://tip.psychology.org/skinner.html


http://www.wagntrain.com/OC/#Operant

B.F. Skinner

B.F. Skinner was born March 20, 1904. B.F. Skinner described his Pennsylvania childhood as "warm and stable." As a boy, he enjoyed building and inventing things; a skill he would later use in his own psychological experiments. He received a B.A. in English literature in 1926 from Hamilton College, and spent some time as a struggling writer before discovering the writings of Watson and Pavlov. Inspired by these works, Skinner decided to abandon his career as a novelist and entered the psychology graduate program at Harvard University.

B.F. Skinner is famous for his research on operant conditioning and negative reinforcement. He developed a device called the "cumulative recorder," which showed rates of responding as a sloped line. Using this device, he found that behavior did not depend on the preceding stimulus as Watson and Pavlov maintained. Instead, Skinner found that behaviors were dependent upon what happens after the response. Skinner called this operant behavior.

At the age of 24 Skinner enrolled in the Psychology Department of Harvard University.
Still rebellious and impatient with what he considered unintelligent ideas, Skinner found a mentor equally caustic and hard-driving. William Crozier was the chair of a new department of Physiology. Crozier fervently adhered to a program of studying the behavior of "the animal as a whole" without appealing, as the psychologists did, to processes going on inside. That exactly matched Skinner's goal of relating behavior to experimental conditions. The student was encouraged to experiment. Each department, Psychology, and Physiology, assumed the other was supervising the young student, but the fact was he was "doing exactly as I pleased". With his enthusiasm and talent for building new equipment, Skinner constructed apparatus after apparatus as his rats' behavior suggested changes.

http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_skinner.htm

Bipolar Disorder

Serious mental illness in which common emotions become intensely and often unpredictably magnified. Interesting information on how you can use psychology to gather more information about these topics. Their moods change quickly are no controlable. Extreme changes in energy, activity, sleep, and behavior go along with these changes in mood. Most medicines given to patients by their doctor are for people testes with this disorder and are given by their
psychiatrist.Keeping a chart of daily mood symptoms, treatments, sleep patterns, and life events can help the doctor track and treat the illness most effectively. It has come to my attention how intresting it is to learn new things in which psychology is involved, and how you can test people and come to conclutions.
More information click on the link

http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder/complete-index.shtml#pub2

Little Albert Video